Work

The Leisure Interdependencies: A Case Study on the National Football League’s Expansion to Europe

Year: 2025

Type: article

Abstract: This paper uses Niklas Luhmann’s systems theory to examine leisure as an operational form. It emphasizes the intricate interdependencies between leisure and various societal domains, such as sports, media, the economy, and politics. Contested interdependencies result in divergent social practices and understandings of what constitutes leisure. The following investigation will explore the National Football League’s (NFL) expansion into Europe and the resulting interdependencies.

Source: International Journal of the Sociology of Leisure

DOI: 10.1007/s41978-025-00193-5

Author: Jochem Kotthaus

Institution: Dortmund University of Applied Sciences and Arts

Language: English

Topic: Physical Education and Sports Studies

Subfield: Sociology and Political Science

Field: Social Sciences

Domain: Social Sciences

Open Access status: hybrid

Estimated APC paid: $3,190

Funder: Fachhochschule Dortmund