Work

Highly sensitive graphene terahertz biosensor for hemoglobin detection enhanced by stacking ensemble learning

Year: 2025

Type: article

Abstract: This study introduces a graphene-based biosensor developed for hemoglobin detection in clinical and point-of-care use. Optimization through COMSOL Multiphysics produced high performance parameters. The sensor achieved a sensitivity of 200 GHz/RIU, operated between 1.319 and 1.331 THz, and exhibited quality factors from 0.915 to 2.439. Electric field distribution analysis showed maximum absorption at 1.325 THz with strong field localization along the resonator edges. A machine learning model using a Stacking Ensemble Regressor was applied to predict sensor performance, reaching an R 2 value of 1.0 for transmission spectra across different graphene chemical potentials and incident angles. The linear correlation between resonance frequency and refractive index (R 2 = 0.95447) confirms the sensor's accuracy for quantitative hemoglobin measurement. The biosensor enables rapid and precise hemoglobin detection, making it suitable for portable diagnostic use in resource-limited or urgent care settings.

Source: Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research

DOI: 10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100919

Authors: Jacob Wekalao, Jonas Muheki, Amuthakkannan Rajakannu

Institutions: University of Science and Technology of China, Kyambogo University, University of Houston, National University of Science and Technology

Language: English

Topic: Plasmonic and Surface Plasmon Research

Subfield: Biomedical Engineering

Field: Engineering

Domain: Physical Sciences

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $2,850

OpenAlex ID: W4416402000

FWCI: 0.482

Cites: 19

Cited by: 2

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