Work

Endogenous mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide regulates neurogenesis during cortical development

Year: 2025

Type: article

Abstract: Reactive oxygen species (ROS), particularly superoxide anion (O 2 •- ) and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), originating from mitochondria, are increasingly recognized as critical mediators of physiological signaling and cellular function. While in the adult brain, mitochondrial ROS, specifically mitochondrial H 2 O 2 , modulate metabolism and sustains cognitive processes, their role in the developing cerebral cortex remains undefined. Here, we leverage a knock-in mouse model constitutively expressing mitochondrially targeted catalase (mCAT) to attenuate mitochondrial H 2 O 2 levels and investigate their impact during cortical development. In neurosphere cultures derived from embryonic day 14.5 (E14.5) mCAT mice, reduced mitochondrial H 2 O 2 altered glutathione redox homeostasis and glucose metabolism leading to suppressed progenitor cell proliferation, without compromising viability. In vivo , neural progenitor cell (NPC) proliferation, neuronal differentiation and cortical layering were disrupted starting at gestational day E15. Together, these data uncover a physiological role for mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide in orchestrating neural precursor proliferation and differentiation, ultimately influencing mammalian cerebral cortex formation.

Source: Redox Biology

DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2025.103940