CottonBot: An AI-driven cotton farming assistant and irrigation advisor using LLM-RAG and agentic AI tools
Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: Digital agriculture is transforming crop management by enabling data-driven decision-making. This study introduces CottonBot, an AI-powered assistant designed to support cotton farmers with comprehensive farming guidelines, including pest management, soil fertilization, weed control, nematode management, and real-time, context-aware, farm-specific irrigation recommendations. Unlike traditional chat-based systems that rely solely on static knowledge bases, CottonBot integrates Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) with agentic large language model (LLM) tools, utilizing farm-specific soil moisture sensors and local weather forecast APIs to deliver dynamic, actionable, and field-specific recommendations. The system leverages open-weight LLMs and runs locally through Ollama framework, ensuring cost-efficiency, data privacy, and accessibility in resource-limited settings. The study’s experimental setup combined RAG with LLM-based agentic tools. Within the RAG framework, we evaluated multiple embedding models using two retrieval backends: FAISS (Facebook AI similarity search) and Chroma (a vector database). The embedding model, all-MiniLM-L6-v2 paired with FAISS achieved the highest retrieval performance, while Llama 3.1 produced the most faithful and semantically accurate responses. For real-time irrigation support, CottonBot’s agentic tool interprets weighted soil moisture data to provide crop-specific recommendations, demonstrating its utility beyond text retrieval. Finally, CottonBot was deployed as a cross-platform mobile application using FastAPI and Flutter for both iOS and Android. Results indicate that CottonBot enhances decision-making support for cotton farmers, leading to more efficient water use and improved crop yields.
Source: Smart Agricultural Technology
Authors: Deus F. Kandamali, Wesley M. Porter, Erin Porter, Alex McLemore, Glen C. Rains
Institutions: University of Georgia, Abraham Baldwin Agricultural College
Language: English
Topic: Smart Agriculture and AI
Subfield: Plant Science
Domain: Life Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $1,770
Award: G532074486
OpenAlex ID: W4416451653