Norma Latina Neuropsychological Evaluation in Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis and Its Relationship with Disability
Year: 2025
Type: article
Study design: Observational Study
Abstract: Background: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory, autoimmune and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system that leads to the progressive loss of motor and sensory functions. Cognitive dysfunction is a common symptom that significantly affects quality of life and daily activities. The MS diagnosis involves progressive disability due to its neurodegenerative nature. Objective: to analyze the relationship between the Latin Norm Neuropsychological Assessment and Disability in Multiple Sclerosis (NLNAMS) battery and physical disability in patients with MS. Methods: A retrospective review of 100 medical records was conducted. Three sections of clinical information were analyzed: (1) sociodemographic data and medical history, (2) neurological examination including disability measures using the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) and the Multiple Sclerosis Severity Score (MSS), and (3) neuropsychological assessment results obtained through the NLNAMS battery to evaluate cognitive functioning across multiple domains. Results: High correlations were observed between EDSS scores and performance on the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) and the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test–Revised (HVLT-R), which assess attention, processing speed and memory. Strong correlations were also found between EDSS and performance on verbal fluency tests, Trail Making Test (TMT), Rey–Osterrieth Complex Figure copy (ROCF), and the Modified Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (M-WCST). No significant correlation with MSS was found. Conclusions: The neuropsychological evaluation conducted with the NLNAMS battery showed a relationship between physical disability in multiple sclerosis and the domains of attention, processing speed, and memory. Therefore, this battery may provide valuable information for disease monitoring and prognosis.
Source: Brain Sciences
Institution: Universidad de Guadalajara
Language: English
Subfield: Pathology and Forensic Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $2,654
OpenAlex ID: W4416460174