Work

Asteroid-mass soliton as the dark matter-baryon coincidence solution

Year: 2025

Type: article

Abstract: Nontopological solitons formed during first-order phase transitions can serve as macroscopic dark matter candidates, with their stability ensured by a charge asymmetry traditionally assumed to originate from baryogenesis. Following this generic pattern, we demonstrate that solitogenesis after baryogenesis makes the solitons a coincident dark matter candidate, providing new explanations for the coincidence problem between baryon and dark matter energy densities. We derive a novel and robust conclusion; asteroid-mass coincident soliton dark matter is always accompanied by detectable gravitational waves observable by LISA, μ Ares , and Theia, providing a new candidate beyond primordial black holes in this mass window. Additionally, we propose a simple neutrino-ball scenario that addresses baryon asymmetry, dark matter, and neutrino masses, featuring new particles below the electroweak scale and correlated observable signals, including lensing, gravitational waves, and soliton evaporation or collisions.

Source: Physical review. D/Physical review. D.

DOI: 10.1103/6tfj-zcls

Authors: Shinya Kanemura, Shao-Ping Li, Ke-Pan Xie

Institutions: The University of Osaka, Beihang University

Language: English

Topic: Dark Matter and Cosmic Phenomena

Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics

Field: Physics and Astronomy

Domain: Physical Sciences

Open Access status: hybrid

Funders: Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities

Awards: G1067844314, Toward the new age for exploring the structure of electroweak vacuum: from Higgs physics to New physics beyond the standard model, Primordial Black Holes as a probe of Electroweak Phase Transition and New Physics, Creating the Baryon Asymmetry in the Universe via Dark Matter