Work

Chitin-protein biomaterials: Natural examples of reinforced concrete

Year: 2025

Type: article

Abstract: Summary Chitin, the second most abundant polysaccharide in nature, often associates with structural proteins (SPs) to form chitin-SP composite biomaterials—natural analogs of reinforced concrete. This review highlights their occurrence in squid beaks, crustacean shells, and insect cuticles. Advances in genomics and proteomics now enable the identification and functional characterization of the specific SPs embedded within these composites. The review synthesizes the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms of composite formation and clarifies how SPs govern microstructure and mechanical performance. These insights not only deepen our understanding of natural biomaterials but also inform the design of biomimetic materials that emulate these intricate biological processes.

Source: Cell Reports Physical Science

DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrp.2025.102969

Authors: Tian Liu, Huitang Qi, Haopeng Li, Jing Yu

Institutions: Dalian University of Technology, Tsinghua University

Language: English

Topic: Calcium Carbonate Crystallization and Inhibition

Subfield: Biomaterials

Field: Materials Science

Domain: Physical Sciences

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $5,620

Funder: National Natural Science Foundation of China