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Efficient management of computational resources in the IoT FOG layer. Automation and load balancing using Simple FOG Management Protocol

Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: FOG computing is an essential paradigm for Internet of Things (IoT) environments, as it enables the decentralisation of data processing to make better use of resources. The rapid proliferation of IoT devices has created new challenges for this middle layer, especially in terms of reconfiguration and dynamic scalability, processes that have traditionally been managed manually. This study presents an architecture for the FOG layer that implements dynamic control and scaling automation through an advanced control layer composed of a coordinator that calculates the optimal distribution of computational load and a balancer that manages traffic routing. The central component of the proposal is the Simple FOG Management Protocol (SFMP), designed specifically to facilitate automated resource management, ensuring efficient allocation of computational capacity, fair load balancing, and robust fault tolerance mechanisms. Experimental validation in several complex IoT environments at the University of Alicante demonstrated a substantial optimisation in resource utilisation with a reduction in energy consumption of between 40 % and 65 %. All this confirms the flexibility and adaptability of the system to dynamic variations in computational demand in large-scale IoT implementations and its benefits over traditional proposals. • Dynamic FOG architecture for load balancing and automatic scalability. • Optimisation of resources and reduction of energy consumption (40–65 %) in the FOG layer. • The SFMP protocol ensures fault tolerance and high availability of the FOG system.
Source: Array
DOI: 10.1016/j.array.2025.100597
Language: English
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $1,680
OpenAlex ID: W4416528704
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Cites: 22
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