Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: The spin-statistics theorem leads to Pauli’s Exclusion Principle (PEP), the basis of the stability of matter and many other phenomena relevant to physics, astrophysics, cosmology, and even biology. Possible violations of the PEP (PEPV) have been searched for since its inception; they may come from various Beyond Standard Model descriptions, including Non-Commutative Quantum Gravity models and extensions of the Quantum Field Theory, which must follow the Messiah-Greenberg Super-Selection (MGSS) rule and lead to the Quon description of the spin-statistic symmetries: the parastatstics. Efforts to search for a PEPV are not new; however, they have typically measured those cases without respecting MGSS. VIP (VIolation of the Pauli exclusion principle) first and its successor VIP-2, both sited in the “Gran Sasso underground laboratory,” aimed to set the most stringent limit for the non-Paulian transition following the MGSS rule. After two years of data with VIP-2 and better modeling of the electron-atom interaction, we present the most stringent upper limit of the probability of PEP violation for this case ([Formula: see text]), thus completing the state-of-the-art of all possible PEPV cases, and the consequent constraint to the Quon description: [Formula: see text].
Source: Scientific Reports
Authors: Alessio Porcelli, Kristian Piscicchia, Massimiliano Bazzi, Nicola Bortolotti, Mario Bragadireanu, Michael Cargnelli, Alberto Clozza, Luca De Paolis, Raffaele Del Grande, Carlo Guaraldo, Mihail Iliescu, Matthias Laubenstein, Simone Manti, Johann Marton, Fabrizio Napolitano, Alessandro Scordo, Francesco Sgaramella, Diana Laura Sirghi, Florin Sirghi, Johann Zmeskal, Catalina Curceanu
Institutions: Jagiellonian University, Universidad de Antofagasta, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Centro Ricerche Enrico Fermi, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Sapienza University of Rome, Horia Hulubei National Institute for R and D in Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Stefan Meyer Institute for Subatomic Physics, Technical University of Munich, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso
Language: English
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $2,690
Funders: Silicon Valley Community Foundation, John Templeton Foundation, Fetzer Institute, Foundational Questions Institute, Austrian Science Fund, Narodowe Centrum Nauki, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche Enrico Fermi, Horizon 2020 Framework Programme
Awards: G1190005962, Pauli exclusion principle test in an underground laboratory, G2941870175, G3747382971, Particles and Interactions, G5623662747, QUBO: Exploring the QUantum Boundaries of many-body systems – an Odyssey into the gravity related collapse models, G6535472257, Pauli Exclusion Principle test with electrons at LNGS, G8050900027
OpenAlex ID: W4416595067