Comparative Seasonal Assessment of Heavy Metals Bioaccumulation in Selected Tissues of Catfishand Tilapia from Zobe Dam, Nigeria
Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: Bioaccumulation of persistent metals in aquatic organisms poses ecological and public health risks. This study assessed cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) in gill, head, and muscle tissues of Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) from Zobe Dam during dry and wet seasons. Water samples were collected using composite techniques, while fish were systematically sampled by weight and size. Samples were digested and analyzed using Microwave Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (MP-AES). Bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) were calculated as tissue-to-water concentration ratios, revealing no significant seasonal and tissue-specific variations (p > 0.05). BAFs ranged from negligible (<1) to low-level accumulation (1–20). Estimated daily intakes (EDIs) of metals were below oral reference doses. Hazard quotients (HQs) and hazard indices (HIs) were consistently below 1, indicating no non-carcinogenic risk, while carcinogenic risk (CR) values for Cd, Ni, and Pb were below the acceptable range (10⁻⁶–10⁻⁴), suggesting negligible lifetime cancer risk. These findings indicate minimal metal accumulation in Zobe Dam fish and no significant ecological or health risks, confirming that consumption of Tilapia and Catfish from this reservoir is safe.
DOI: 10.14419/xw185b50
Author: Aminu Mustapha
Institution: Bayero University Kano
Language: Greek
Subfield: Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: diamond
OpenAlex ID: W4416596417
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