Work

Graphene/MOFs heterostructure enabled by interfacial charge-dipole coupling for multidimensional terahertz thermal modulation

Year: 2025

Type: article

Abstract: We report a graphene/metal organic framework (MOFs) heterostructure integrated metasurfaces (MS@GrMOF) for multidimensional terahertz (THz) wave modulation and high-sensitivity thermal sensing. The device combines monolayer graphene with MOFs, exploiting interfacial charge transfer, Fermi-level tuning, and dielectric polarization to achieve enhanced amplitude, frequency, and phase modulation under thermal induction. Compared with graphene-only metasurfaces (MS@Gr), MS@GrMOF exhibits pronounced resonance frequency shifts up to 245 GHz and significant amplitude variations. Phase reconstruction based on the Kramers–Kronig relation was employed to quantify the phase modulation under different temperatures, enabling evaluation of thermal modulation across three dimensions. The maximum sensitivities of the temperature sensor are 0.39%/K (amplitude), 3.4 GHz/K (frequency), and 3.74°/K (phase), demonstrating efficient multidimensional modulation. These results highlight the strong potential of MS@GrMOF for reconfigurable THz devices, intelligent optoelectronic systems, and advanced thermal sensing applications. This work underscores the synergistic integration of graphene and MOFs as a robust strategy to achieve high-efficiency, multidimensional modulation in next-generation THz technologies.

Source: Optics Express

DOI: 10.1364/oe.580479