Work

Emergent Photons and Confinement: A Numerical Study on Z N Lattice Gauge Theory

Year: 2025

Type: article

Abstract: We numerically study Z_{N} lattice gauge theories in 4D as prototypical models of systems with Z_{N} 1-form symmetry. For N≥3, we provide evidence that such systems exhibit not only the expected phases with spontaneously broken/restored symmetry but also a third photon phase. When present, the 1-form symmetry provides a precise notion of confinement, and it is commonly believed that confinement ensues due to the proliferation of extended, stringlike objects known as center vortices, which carry a Z_{N} flux. However, this picture is challenged by the three-phase scenario investigated here. We show that both the confined and the photon phases are associated with the proliferation of center vortices and that the key difference between them lies in whether or not vortex junctions-the monopoles- proliferate.

Source: Physical Review Letters

DOI: 10.1103/h8mn-t4fk

Authors: Jeffrey Giansiracusa, David Lanners, Tin Sulejmanpasic

Institution: Durham University

Language: English

Topic: Quantum Chromodynamics and Particle Interactions

Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics

Field: Physics and Astronomy

Domain: Physical Sciences

Open Access status: hybrid

Estimated APC paid: $3,750

Funders: Durham University, Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, Science and Technology Facilities Council