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Sub-chronic Toxic Effects of Methanol Extract of Datura metel (Zakami) Fruit in Male and Female Albino Rats

Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: The increasing use of medicinal plants calls for a careful review of their safety profiles. Datura metel, known locally as Zakami in Hausa, is traditionally used as an antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory agent; however, it is also often misused for its psychoactive effects. Hence, the objective of this paper was to evaluate the sub-chronic toxic effects of methanol extract of Datura metel (Zakami) fruit in male and female albino rats using appropriate standard techniques to assess hematological parameters, liver and kidney function, as well as dopamine and serotonin levels in the animals. Phytochemical analysis confirmed the presence of saponins (8.03%), phenols (6.91%), alkaloids (5.57%), flavonoids (3.67%), terpenoids (4.80%), tannins (1.17%), steroids (2.65%), and cardiac glycosides (1.32%). Liver and kidney function tests revealed a significant, dose-dependent increase in serum levels of ALT, AST, ALP, urea, and creatinine, indicating liver and kidney stress. Total bilirubin and direct bilirubin levels were significantly decreased in the extract-treated groups compared to controls. Hematological analysis showed notable reductions in PCV, hemoglobin concentratration, RBC, and WBC counts, while platelet and neutrophil counts increased significantly. Neurotransmitter assessment indicated elevated dopamine and serotonin levels across all extract-treated groups. These results suggest that sub-chronic exposure to Datura metel fruit extract may lead to liver and kidney toxicity, blood cell changes, and neurochemical alterations, emphasizing the need for caution when using this plant in traditional medicine.
DOI: 10.4314/jasem.v29i11.23
Authors: U. S. Akpiroroh, M. Z. Zuruwa, B. Y. Muhammad, J. P. Mairiga, J. Wassagwa, E. Madu
Subfield: Plant Science
Open Access status: diamond
OpenAlex ID: W4416673159
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