Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: Small bubbles rising in a chain can self-organize into regular patterns upon reaching a liquid's free surface. This phenomenon is investigated through direct numerical simulations. By varying the bubble release period, distinct branching patterns characterized by different numbers of arms are observed. These macroscopic regular configurations arise from localized non-contact repulsion and pair collisions between bubbles as they arrive at the free-surface emergence site. A theoretical model is proposed to quantitatively relate the number of branches to the bubble release period. The model also predicts probabilities of observing specific arm counts in reality. This study provides insights into broader nonlinear pattern formation and self-organization phenomena.
Source: Physical Review Fluids
DOI: 10.1103/bd6d-fwmn
Authors: Dabao Li, Lang Qin, Zhigang Zuo, Guangzhao Zhou
Language: English
Subfield: Computational Mechanics
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: green
Award: G6104571143
OpenAlex ID: W4416691562