Height-Dependent Analysis of UAV Spectrum Occupancy for Cellular Systems Considering 3D Antenna Patterns
Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are emerging as mobile aerial platforms for radio frequency (RF) spectrum sensing, enabling dynamic monitoring of the spectrum occupancy of cellular systems at different altitudes. The impact of UAV receiver antenna configurations, particularly with respect to altitude, is critical in determining occupancy performance. In this paper, we present a height-dependent analytical framework for UAV-based spectrum occupancy, focusing on how different receiver antenna configurations affect the sensed signal power. We consider two types of 3D antenna patterns: a typical dipole antenna and a downward directional antenna. Using a stochastic geometry-based approach, we derive closed-form expressions for the altitude-dependent sensed power under both antenna configurations. Moreover, we execute ray tracing-based analysis with a real-world 3-D map and realistic antenna patterns. Monte Carlo simulations are conducted to validate the analytical results, revealing that both altitude and antenna directivity critically affect occupancy accuracy and coverage.
Source: Drones
Author: Sung Joon Maeng
Institution: Hanyang University
Language: English
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $3,137
Award: G674030244
OpenAlex ID: W4416716922
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