Work

Working toward a stepped-care model of postnatal mental healthcare to improve access: the Theory of Change approach

Year: 2025

Type: article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Women who are pregnant or have recently given birth constitute a distinct life-stage-specific population with elevated risks for mental health problems and well understood risk and protective factors. Perinatal mental health remains a worldwide public health problem that requires local health service reform to improve access and meet need. The aim of this paper was to create a framework for a proposed model of postnatal mental healthcare and understand its application in existing health services in a rural area in Australia. METHODS: The Theory of Change (ToC) method was used in a three-step procedure: 1) document reviews 2) stakeholder consultations and 3) ToC workshops. A proposed model of postnatal mental healthcare was developed and its application in a local setting was investigated. The model was documented using a ToC framework. RESULTS: Drawing on evidence from policy documents, clinical practice guidelines, existing health systems, and practice expertise, a ToC for a proposed ‘stepped model of postnatal mental healthcare’ was developed. Stepped care is a complex intervention intended to deliver tailored care pathways according to severity of individual need. It links four interrelated components: primary prevention, secondary prevention, early intervention and treatment. In the ToC, evidence-based Rationales support each Pathway, and Assumptions describe external conditions that must be satisfied for successful implementation of each Pathway and the overall model. CONCLUSIONS: The proposed stepped-care model is a valuable investigation of an integrated model of postnatal mental health service reform in a local service environment. The Assumptions generate testable hypotheses for future research to understand the conditions for successful implementation in this or other settings.

Source: BMC Health Services Research

DOI: 10.1186/s12913-025-13629-1

Authors: Heather Rowe, Jane Fisher, Elizabeth Meggetto, Helen Lees, Shelly Makleff

Institutions: Monash University, Municipal Association of Victoria, The University of Melbourne

Language: English

Topic: Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum

Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health

Field: Medicine

Domain: Health Sciences

SDG: Good health and well-being

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $3,290