Work

Blocking strategy for metal-azide primary explosives with high EDS safety and detonation ability via fluorinated graphene composite design

Year: 2025

Type: article

Abstract: Several carbon-nanomaterial@metal-azide composites have been achieved to regulate the sensitivity of metal-azide primary explosives. However, the regulation mechanism of carbon nanomaterials on metal-azide primary explosives remains unknown, which is highly desirable for balancing the contradiction between the detonation ability and the safety of primary explosives. Herein, this work proposes the functionalized-graphene@metal-azide composite primary explosives with lead azide (LA) and silver azide (SA) as the research object, functionalized-graphene with designed electronic structure (fluorinated graphite (FG), graphene oxide (GO), and carbon nanotube (CNT)) as the composite matrix, and microfluidic as the controlled preparation method. For the high conductivity of GO and CNT, the thermal stability of GO( y )@LA ( y =1%, 2%, 3%, 5%) and CNT( z )@LA ( z =1%, 2%, 3%, 5%, 10%), GO( y )@SA ( y =1%, 2%, 3%, 5%), and CNT( z )@SA ( z =1%, 2%, 3%, 5%, 10%) is changed with largely increased or reduced decomposition temperature, their electrostatic spark sensitivity (EDS) is firstly sensitized ( y < 3% or z <5%) and then passivated ( y >3% or z >5%), and their detonation process is lengthened, and their detonation ability is significantly decreased with large amount addition of GO( y >3%) and CNT ( z >5%). For the high electrical resistance and low thermal conductivity of FG, weak thermal stability influence, passivated electrostatic spark sensitivity, and unaffected ignition process and detonation ability are observed in FG( x )@LA ( x =1%, 2%, 3%, 5%) and FG( x )@SA ( x =1%, 2%, 3%, 5%), FG(3%)@LA and FG(3%)@LA show high safety and detonation ability. Thus, the blocking strategy with FG can be promising design for creating metal-azide-based composite primary explosives with excellent comprehensive performance. This work developed the general method for the preparation of functionalized-graphene@metal-azide composites with controlled functionalized-graphene and content via microfluidic. The influence rule of functionalized-graphene on metal-azide was revealed, FG with F group on graphene shown low electrical and thermal conductivity, and resulted the high EDS safety and detonation ability of FG@metal-azide composite primary explosives, this demonstrated the blocking strategy for metal-azide primary explosives with fluorinated graphene composite design. 1. Microfluidic based efficient and controllable method is developed for the preparation of functionalized-graphene@metal-azide composite primary explosives; 2. Serious functionalized-graphene@metal-azide composite primary explosives were reached with fluoride graphene (FG), graphene oxide (GO), and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as composite matrix; 3. The composite effect and mechanism of functionalized-graphene on metal-azide primary explosives was revealed; 4. FG@metal-azide composite primary explosives realized the obvious safety improvement (passivated electrostatic spark sensitivity) and unaffected thermal and detonation performance.

Source: Energetic Materials Frontiers

DOI: 10.1016/j.enmf.2025.11.014