Work

Research Advances in the Design and Control Technologies of Electric Spindle Motors for CNC Machine Tools

Year: 2025

Type: article

Abstract: The electric spindle serves as a critical component in enabling a highly dynamic response, stable torque output, and precise motion control for the main cutting operations of CNC machine tools. The design precision and control performance of its drive motor directly influence the geometric accuracy, surface quality, and overall machining efficiency of the workpiece, thereby determining the comprehensive performance of advanced CNC systems. This paper begins with a systematic review of the global industrial layout of CNC machine tool and electric spindle manufacturers, highlighting regional clustering patterns and technological development trends across key manufacturing regions. Subsequently, it classifies and elaborates on the differentiated technical requirements for the electric spindle motor in terms of wide-speed-range servo capability, high-efficiency operation, adaptability to high-speed and high-power cutting loads, and precision maintenance under high-speed conditions, based on the process characteristics of different types of CNC machine tools. A comprehensive overview of the current state of research is provided with respect to electric spindle motor design and control technologies. Finally, forward-looking perspectives are presented on future development directions, particularly in the areas of multi-physics coupling co-design and the integration of intelligent control algorithms, aiming to offer a solid theoretical foundation and strategic guidance for the advancement and engineering application of high-performance electric spindles.

Source: Energies

DOI: 10.3390/en18236243

Authors: Jinhua Liang, Haiping Xu, Fei Chen, Wei Liu, Peng Zhou

Institutions: Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Electrical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York

Language: English

Topic: Electric Motor Design and Analysis

Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering

Field: Engineering

Domain: Physical Sciences

SDG: Industry, innovation and infrastructure

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $3,137