Work

Piriformis Syndrome Is Often Overlooked as a Cause of Gluteal Pain and Sciatica: Diagnostic Challenges and the Role of Imaging—A Narrative Review

Year: 2025

Type: review

Abstract: Piriformis syndrome (PS) is a sciatic nerve entrapment condition caused by compression by the piriformis muscle, often presenting with symptoms that mimic lumbar radiculopathy and gluteal and buttock pain. This narrative review explores its diagnostic challenges and highlights the role of advanced imaging techniques in improving diagnostic accuracy. Literature suggests that PS may account for 5% to 8% of low back pain cases, frequently manifesting as buttock pain exacerbated by sitting or hip motion. Traditional imaging often fails to detect PS due to nonspecific findings, but magnetic resonance neurography can reveal sciatic nerve inflammation. A multimodal approach combining clinical assessment with targeted imaging enhances diagnostic precision and guides effective management of PS.

Source: HSS Journal® The Musculoskeletal Journal of Hospital for Special Surgery

DOI: 10.1177/15563316251392059

Authors: Hamza M. Alrabai, Yousef Alrashidi, Rakan Abdulkarim A. AlEtebi, Taher Mohammed A. Mufti, Mohammed Yousef A. Alali, Abdulaziz Saad A. Alnazhan

Institutions: King Saud University, Taibah University, Dar Al Uloom University

Language: English

Topic: Peripheral Nerve Disorders

Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging

Field: Medicine

Domain: Health Sciences

SDG: Good health and well-being

Open Access status: hybrid

Estimated APC paid: $4,150