Integrative Immunomodulatory Effects of Acanthopanax Species: From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Applications
Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: This review comprehensively examined the cytokine-modulating effects and underlying mechanisms of the Acanthopanax species.These plants regulate diverse cytokine networks primarily through the toll-like receptor-mitogen-activated protein kinase-nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells signaling pathways.Notably, they demonstrate bidirectional immunomodulatory capacity by suppressing pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-6 [IL-6], and IL-1β) while selectively enhancing anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10) and Th1 immune responses (interferon gamma and IL-2).These effects were primarily mediated by lignan compounds, including eleutheroside B and E, as well as polysaccharides, which exhibit adaptogenic properties that provide anti-inflammatory effects during inflammatory states and immunostimulatory effects during immunosuppressive conditions.The Acanthopanax species show relatively safe drug interaction profiles and synergistic effects with various therapeutic approaches, making them suitable for integrative medicine.However, limitations include a lack of standardized clinical trials, insufficient pharmacokinetic studies on active compounds, and inadequate quality control systems.Future directions should focus on precision medicine approaches, sustainable resource management, and improving evidence levels to expand clinical applications.In conclusion, the Acanthopanax species represent promising immunomodulatory natural products combining traditional usage experience with modern scientific research, demonstrating potential for the prevention and treatment of inflammatory and immune-related diseases.
Author: Su-Yun Lyu
Institution: Sunchon National University
Language: English
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Open Access status: hybrid
OpenAlex ID: W4416842355