Work

Investigation of the Dynamic Behavior of Brayton Batteries for Coupled Generation of Electricity, Heat, and Cooling

Year: 2025

Type: article

Abstract: This study presents a comprehensive dynamic system analysis of air-based Brayton batteries for the coupled generation of electricity, heat, and cooling. Building upon a previously published structural concept study, the most promising system architectures were modeled and evaluated using quasi-stationary simulations with dynamically designed thermal energy storage (TES) in Ebsilon Professional®. The results show round-trip efficiencies (RTEs) of up to 50% for pure electricity generation and round-trip utilizations (RTUs) exceeding 85% for combined heat and power. Integration of waste heat further increases RTU to more than 100%, albeit at the expense of electrical efficiency. Dynamic simulations demonstrate stable operation with load gradients up to 2 MW min−1, highlighting suitability for flexible industrial and grid applications. Regenerator-based TES exhibits the most favorable trade-off between efficiency and cost, while hybrid configurations of solid and liquid media offer additional optimization potential. The estimated investment costs range between 200 and 800 EUR/kWhel, comparable to other large-scale Carnot battery systems. The findings provide a validated framework for the techno-economic design and control of next-generation Brayton battery systems and lay the foundation for experimental validation and pilot-scale implementation.

Source: Applied Sciences

DOI: 10.3390/app152312636

Author: Michael Krüger

Institution: Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)

Language: English

Topic: Thermodynamic and Exergetic Analyses of Power and Cooling Systems

Subfield: Mechanical Engineering

Field: Engineering

Domain: Physical Sciences

SDGs: Affordable and clean energy, Industry, innovation and infrastructure, Climate action

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $2,896