Year: 2025
Type: article
Study design: Observational Study
Abstract: BACKGROUNDThe labor market activities of immigrants are diverse and highly gendered.Few studies have examined these disparities by legal entry pathway in a multi-state framework that accounts for multiple entries to and exits from the market. OBJECTIVEWe analyze immigrants' timing and level of participation in training and labor market activities by gender, parity, and legal entry pathway. METHODSUsing data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (GSOEP), we employ competingrisks event history models, treating labor market attachment as a multi-state process. RESULTSImmigrants from Europe, ex-Yugoslavia, and the former Soviet Union exhibit higher levels of labor market attachment than immigrants from Turkey, Africa, and West Asia.However, we find that the presence of children is more negatively linked to women's labor force participation for Europeans than non-Europeans.Turkish, West Asian, and African immigrant women are less likely to return to the labor market once they exit. CONCLUSIONSThe greater impact of motherhood on the labor market participation of European immigrant women than that of non-European immigrant women is due to their higher participation when childless.However, overall, non-European immigrant women show markedly lower attachment to the labor market regardless of motherhood status. CONTRIBUTIONThis research sheds light on how gender, origin, and entry pathway intersect with family processes, particularly among women, contributing to a deeper understanding of immigrant labor dynamics.
Source: Demographic Research
Institution: University of St Andrews
Language: English
Topic: Migration and Labor Dynamics
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Open Access status: diamond
Funder: European Commission
OpenAlex ID: W4416935571