Time‐Domain Factorized Wave Model and Iterative Beamforming for Localizing Multiple Leaks in Water Pipes
Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: Time‐domain full‐waveform inversion is a robust method for localizing leaks in urban water distribution pipes. However, its built‐in classical wave model suffers from coupled and interdependent leak parameters; thus, the localization of multiple leaks becomes a ‐parameter optimization problem ( is the number of leaks), which is high‐dimensional, non‐convex, and riddled with local optima. To address this problem, we analytically derive a time‐domain factorized wave model with decoupled leak parameters via the Born approximation. Based on this model, we propose an iterative beamforming algorithm that decomposes the complex ‐dimensional optimization problem into sequential one‐dimensional sub‐problems. This approach largely reduces complexity of both forward modeling and inverse estimation, enabling real‐time leak localization. Numerical experiments show that the proposed approach is accurate, efficient, super‐resolved, and robust in localizing multiple leaks. Moreover, it can estimate the unknown number of leaks without any prior information. Finally, the proposed approach is verified by recent laboratory experiments conducted in a viscoelastic pipe system, where unknown leaks are successfully localized.
Source: Water Resources Research
DOI: 10.1029/2025wr041092
Institution: Hong Kong Polytechnic University
Language: English
Subfield: Civil and Structural Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $3,000
Awards: Transient air-water flows and wave-fluid interactions in viscoelastic pipelines in water supply system, G2417480073, Hydraulic transients in water supply pipelines: high frequency wave behaviors, Bayesian full-waveform inversion for leak localization in uncertainty-riddled water supply pipes
OpenAlex ID: W4416938250