High‐Performance Squaramine Macrocycles as Molecular Sieves for Selective Halogen Separation and Aromatic Bromination
Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: Selective separation of bromine (Br 2 ) from iodine (I 2 ) remains a fundamental bottleneck in industrial halogen separation and applied bromination chemistry. A safe, efficient, and selective Br 2 supply is indispensable for large‐scale transformations and product purity, yet separation is complicated by their comparable kinetic diameters (3.5 and 4.0 Å, respectively) and strong tendency to form interhalogen species. Conventional capture technologies remain hindered by limited stability, low capacity, and poor selectivity. Here, structurally tunable squaramine‐based [2+2] macrocycles with intrinsic cavity diameters (∼3.5 Å) are introduced as efficient and selective molecular sieves. The pristine squaramine [2+2] macrocycle achieves high Br 2 uptake of 4.9 g.g −1 from cyclohexane solution and 5.7 g.g −1 in the vapor phase, while its hydrochloride derivative ([2+2].HCl) displays substantial Br 2 uptake (4.3 g.g −1 cyclohexane, 3.0 g.g −1 in vapor) and completely excludes I 2 even under concentrated mixed‐halogen conditions. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction revealed a chloride‐to‐bromide exchange mechanism stabilizing unique polybromide species, further supported by UV–vis, XPS, Raman spectroscopy, and metadynamics simulations. These findings establish squaramine [2+2] as the first macrocyclic molecular sieves for selective Br 2 capture and total I 2 rejection, offering robust and scalable platforms for halogen separation, environmental remediation, and safe, easy‐to‐handle Br 2 reservoirs for selective catalytic and synthetic bromination processes.
Authors: Soumaya Khlifi, Arnaud Chaix, Lukman O. Alimi, Viktoriia Zheltova, Romain Dupuis, Basem Moosa, Niveen M. Khashab
Language: English
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: bronze
OpenAlex ID: W4416939339