Optimization of Liquid Manure Injector Designs for Cover Crop Systems Using Discrete Element Modeling and Soil Bin Evaluation
Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: This study integrates Discrete Element Method (DEM) simulations, soil bin experiments, and multi-objective optimization to develop an energy-efficient manure injector shank. Eighteen geometries were first screened using DEM, reducing the set to six designs (S_1–S_6) based on draft force–rupture area performance. The selected designs, varying in rake angle (30°, 45°, 60°), thickness (25 and 30 mm), and width (102, 110, and 118 mm), were tested in a soil bin to measure draft, trench width, spoil cross-sectional area, and soil rupture. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences among designs (p < 0.05), confirming that rake angle, width, and thickness have a strong influence on the soil–tool interaction. A multi-objective optimization framework was then used to minimize draft, trench width, and spoil area while maximizing rupture, with performance quantified through overall desirability values (0–1). Shank S_3 (45° rake, 25 mm thickness, 110 mm width) achieved the highest desirability (0.6676), representing the best trade-off between energy efficiency, minimal surface disturbance, and effective subsurface loosening. This integrated DEM–experimental–optimization approach demonstrates a reliable, data-driven workflow for implement design, reducing reliance on extensive field trials. However, future studies should validate the performance of S_3 and other candidate designs under diverse soil types, moisture levels, and operating conditions to confirm their agronomic and environmental benefits.
Source: AgriEngineering
Language: English
Subfield: Civil and Structural Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $1,930
Funder: WiSys Technology Foundation
OpenAlex ID: W4416947545