Work

Lymphatic Spread of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Mechanisms, Patterns, Staging, and Diagnosis

Year: 2025

Type: article

Abstract: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Lymph node involvement affects staging and, therefore, prognosis. Understanding lymph node drainage, metastatic patterns, and different sampling techniques contributes to the overall care of lung cancer patients. Non-small-cell lung cancer is the most common type of lung cancer; appropriate staging is vital to determine treatment modalities which includes surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these. In this review, we aim to describe the pathogenesis of lymph node metastasis, current guidelines for lymph node sampling, patterns of lymph node spread, new and novel lymph node sampling techniques, and their diagnostic yields.

Source: Lymphatics

DOI: 10.3390/lymphatics3040043

Authors: Mohamed Salih Makawi, Stephen Ciaccio, Asad Khan, Alireza Nathani, Ronaldo Ortiz-Pacheco

Institutions: SUNY Upstate Medical University, Ochsner Health System, University of Minnesota

Language: English

Topic: Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment

Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine

Field: Medicine

Domain: Health Sciences

SDG: Good health and well-being

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $1,207