A Late-time Radio Search for Highly Off-axis Jets from PTF Broad-lined Ic Supernovae in GRB-like Host Galaxy Environments
Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: Hydrogen/helium-poor stripped-envelope core-collapse supernovae with broad lines (SNe Ic-bl) almost always accompany the nearby ( z < 0.3) jetted relativistic explosions known as long duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). However, the majority of SNe Ic-bl have no detected GRB counterpart. At least some of these SNe should harbor off-axis jets, whose afterglow may become detectable at late times, particularly at radio wavelengths. Here, we present Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) radio observations (rest-frame times of ∼3–4 × 10 3 days post SN discovery) of a sample of 14 SNe Ic-bl discovered by the Palomar Transient Factory (PTF) that have been demonstrated to originate from the same host environments as the SNe Ic-bl associated with nearby GRBs. Of the 14 SNe, we identify three that are radio detected, one of which (PTF10tqv, z = 0.0795) is consistent with an off-axis jet with energy similar to classical GRBs (∼10 51 –10 51.7 erg). Using recently developed synchrotron radiation code, we find that for our 11 nondetections, which are among the deepest limits obtained for Ic-bl, we rule out an off-axis jet with an energy of ≳10 51 erg in circumburst densities of ≳10 −1 cm −3 . We predict that well-spaced monitoring of newly discovered SNe Ic-bl from ∼10 days to ∼10 yr (rest frame) to luminosities of ∼10 27 erg s −1 Hz −1 will constrain the existence of highly off-axis jets (≳60°) with classical GRB energies. The VLA Sky Survey will probe jets that are ≲60° off-axis, whereas the Deep Synpotic Array 2000 will probe jets out to ∼90° off-axis, demonstrating the importance of utilizing radio surveys to supplement targeted observations.
Source: The Astrophysical Journal
Language: English
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $4,499
Funders: National Science Foundation, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, Simons Foundation, Purdue University, Science and Industry Endowment Fund, Australian Government, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, National Research Foundation, Science Foundation Ireland, Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, Université d'Orléans, Ministerium für Innovation, Wissenschaft und Forschung des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen, Government of Western Australia, Observatoire de Paris, Université de Recherche Paris Sciences et Lettres, Science and Technology Facilities Council
Awards: Cosmic Collisions, Relativistic Blasts, and their Remnants in the Era of Multi-Messenger Astronomy, G2397476781, G2924150107, G336187100, Collaborative Research: Unravelling Stripped Supernovae - Synergy between Observations and Modeling, G639306498, NSF-Simons AI Institute for Cosmic Origins
OpenAlex ID: W4416977882