Work

Magnetic potential tuning in a typical piezoelectric energy harvesting system: bistable versus tristable capability under initial-state sensitivity

Year: 2025

Type: article

Abstract: This study presents a theoretical framework for analyzing a magnetically coupled multi-stable piezoelectric energy harvesting (PEH) system, comparing bistable and tristable configurations under initial perturbations. Through static bifurcation analysis, extended averaging, and numerical simulations, we reveal how nonlinear dynamics such as saddle-node bifurcations, chaos, and fractal basins of attraction (BAs) collectively influence efficiency. A magnetic coordination mechanism enables controlled switching between bistable and tristable potentials by adjusting the magnet spacing and vertical separation, challenging the conventional superiority of tristable designs. Specifically, the bistable system outperforms at low excitation amplitudes because of lower interwell thresholds, whereas the tristable setup excels only near trivial equilibria or within a moderate high-amplitude range. In an extreme-amplitude environment, the global attractive chaotic response that appears in the bistable system enhances the efficacy of such a system, demonstrating that chaos can benefit energy collection. This work establishes an excitation-amplitude-dependent selection principle for PEH designs and highlights the critical yet overlooked role of initial conditions. The observed fragile BAs and hidden/rare attractors provide new perspectives for enhancing system reliability.

Source: Theoretical and Applied Mechanics Letters

DOI: 10.1016/j.taml.2025.100642

Authors: Huilin Shang, Yi Shen

Institution: Shanghai Institute of Technology

Language: English

Topic: Innovative Energy Harvesting Technologies

Subfield: Mechanical Engineering

Field: Engineering

Domain: Physical Sciences

SDG: Affordable and clean energy

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $1,200