Post-transplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy) versus other graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis strategies in reduced intensity allogeneic stem cell transplantation from related and matched unrelated donors in patients with acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndromes: A study from the french society of bone marrow transplantation (SFGM-TC) registry
Year: 2025
Type: conference-abstract
Abstract: Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT). Optimizing GVHD prevention strategies remains a key concern to improve patient survival and quality of life. In Europe, anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) is widely used as GVHD prophylaxis. However, post-transplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy), initially introduced in the haploidentical transplant setting, has more recently been extended to mismatched unrelated donors (MMUD). In matched related (MRD) and matched unrelated (MUD) allo-HCT, studies comparing PTCy to the traditional ATG strategy have shown controversial results which do not allow a specific strategy to be recommended. Here, we report a representative analysis based on large national data to complement existing evidence. We retrospectively analyzed patients from the SFGM-TC registry who underwent a first allo-HCT from MRD or MUD for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) or myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) between 2014 and 2022. Patients received GVHD prophylaxis with: immunosuppressive agents (IS) alone (group NONE), PTCy with or without (+/-) IS (group PTCy), ATG +/- IS (group ATG), PTCy+ATG +/- IS (group PTCy+ATG). We restricted our analysis specifically to allo-HCT with reduced intensity conditioning (RIC) and peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC). IS regimens included mainly calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) + antimetabolite (methotrexate or mycophenolate mofetil), or CNI alone. RIC regimens consisted in: Fludarabine+Busulfan, Thiotepa-Busulfan-Fludarabine (TBF), total body irradiation (TBI) based regimen, Baltimore like regimens, and other regimens. A total of 3702 patients were analyzed: group PTCy n=103, group ATG n=3340, group PTCy+ATG n=46 and group NONE n=213. The groups were comparable in age at allo-HCT, gender, disease type, remission status at transplant and HCT-CI score but differed significantly in transplant year, donor type, blood group compatibility, RIC regimen and IS regimen. Of note, in the PTCy and PTCy+ATG groups, 14% of allo-HCT were performed without additional IS, compared to 0% in the other groups. In the NONE group, 65% of allo-HCT used MRD donors versus 45% in the remaining groups. These variables (except transplant year) were included as adjustment factors in multivariable analysis. At day 100, the cumulative incidence of grade ≥ II acute GVHD (aGVHD) was 26%, 29%, 22% and 24% (p=0.169) and grade III-IV aGVHD was 8%, 10%, 7% and 6% (p= 0.333) in PTCy, ATG, NONE and PTCy+ATG groups respectively. At 2 years, the cumulative incidence of moderate-severe/extensive chronic GVHD (mod-ext cGVHD) was 14%, 19%, 28% and 26% in PTCy, ATG, NONE and PTCy+ATG groups respectively (p=0,012). In adjusted multivariable analysis, PTCy was associated with a significant reduction in grade III-IV aGVHD compared to ATG (HR 0.46, p=0.039). Regarding mod-ext cGVHD, PTCy and ATG were both significantly superior to NONE but PTCy seemed to be superior to ATG in lowering mod-ext cGVHD risk (HR 0.61, p=0.088). In addition, PTCy+ATG was not significantly different from other groups but the statistical power was limited by the small number of patients. The cumulative incidence of relapse (RI) at 2 year was 35%, 36%, 28% and 33% was in PTCy, ATG, NONE and PTCy+ATG groups respectively and not significantly different between groups. In multivariable analysis, PTCy group experienced a significantly lower non-relapse mortality (NRM) compared to NONE (HR 0.45, p=0.036) but did not differ with ATG group (HR 0.60, p=0.150). An analysis of toxicity patterns and causes of death will be presented. With a median follow-up of 17.6 months for the overall population, the 2-year OS, PFS and GRFS was 59.8% [58.1 - 61.5], 53.8% [52.1 - 55.6] and 42.3% [40.7 - 44.1] respectively. These outcomes were not significantly influenced by donor type (MRD and MUD) or by GVHD prophylaxis group in multivariable analysis. In conclusion, in this large retrospective cohort of MRD/MUD and RIC allo-HCT in AML/MDS, PTCy significantly reduced severe aGVHD compared to ATG, that might contribute to lower the NRM. However, no significant differences were observed between PTCy and ATG regarding cGVHD, RI, OS, PFS or GRFS. These results are consistent with previous studies explaining the overall trend toward a democratization of PTCy, although a robust international prospective randomized study would be necessary before changing current practices.
Source: Blood
Authors: Tereza Coman, Stéphane Morisset, Raynier Devillier, Maud D'Aveni, Frederic Baron, Jacques-Olivier Bay, Ali Bazarbachi, Karin Bilger, Claude-Éric Bulabois, Cristina Castilla-Llorente, Patrice Ceballos, Yves Chalandon, Sylvain Chantepie, Amandine Charbonnier, Patrice Chevallier, Nathalie Contentin, Jerome Cornillon, Etienne Daguindau, Edouard Forcade, Sylvie François, Gaëlle Guillerm, Hélène Labussière-Wallet, Philippe Lewalle, Michael Loschi, Johan Maertens, Natacha Maillard, Florent Malard, Jean Valère Malfuson, Sebastien Maury, Jean-Baptiste Mear, Stephanie Nguyen Quoc, Xavier Poire, Marie-Thérèse Rubio, Felipe Suarez, Pascal Turlure, Alban Villate, Ibrahim Yakoub-Agha, Nicole Raus, Marie Robin, Anne Huynh, Mauricette Michallet
Institutions: Institut Gustave Roussy, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, University of Liège, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Clermont-Ferrand, American University of Beirut Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Grenoble, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, University of Geneva, University Hospital of Geneva, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Caen Normandie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Amiens-Picardie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Étienne, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Lyon Sud, Institut Jules Bordet, Hôpital l'Archet, Universitair Ziekenhuis Leuven, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Hôpital d'instruction des Armées Percy, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Henri-Mondor, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri-Mondor, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, UCLouvain, Centre Hospitalier Régional et Universitaire de Nancy, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Limoges, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Institut universitaire du cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, Centre Léon Bérard
Language: English
Subfield: Hematology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: bronze
OpenAlex ID: W4417014625
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