Biometric, Physiological, and Genetic Profile of Chrysanthemum Plants in Response to CdS, Co3O4, and Fe3O4@Co Nanoparticles Treatment
Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: Purpose: Chrysanthemum is one of the most popular ornamental plants worldwide. Its breeding remains a highly relevant topic. Nanotechnology significantly and interdisciplinarily contributes to the progress in modern horticulture. To date, there are no studies on the use of the proposed heavy metal-based nanoparticles in mutation breeding of ornamental plants. Methods: CdS NPs, Co 3 O 4 NPs, and Fe 3 O 4 @Co NPs were synthesized and applied at a concentration of 75 mg·L − 1 in the in vitro internode culture of Chrysanthemum × morifolium (Ramat). Hemsl. ‘Lilac Wonder’. Results: The highest number of adventitious shoots was regenerated on the control and Fe 3 O 4 @Co NP-treated internodes, whereas the use of CdS NPs and Co 3 O 4 NPs hampered regeneration. The NP-treated shoots, compared to the control, accumulated less flavonols and more anthocyanins and polyphenols, and exhibited increased antioxidant capacity. The highest activity of oxidative stress enzymes and the lowest chlorophyll content were noted in CdS NP-treated shoots. The tested nanoparticles also affected the further growth and development of plants during ex vitro greenhouse cultivation. The longest stems were found in Fe 3 O 4 @Co NP-treated plants, contrary to CdS NPs and Co 3 O 4 NPs. The CdS NP-treated plants developed leaves with the smallest surface area, perimeter, length, and width. Evaluation of inflorescences revealed quantitative changes in anthocyanins content. The highest pigment content was found in ligulate flowers of Fe 3 O 4 @Co NP-treated plants. One individual with variegated leaves was phenotypically identified within Co 3 O 4 NP-treated plants. Genetic variation was detected in 7– 8.1% of the plants studied. The SCoT marker system generated more bands and polymorphisms than RAPD. PCoA analysis revealed distinct genetic groupings, with the most altered genotype (treated with CdS NPs) classified as polymorphic by both marker systems. The other 11 polymorphic genotypes did not overlap between RAPD and SCoT analyses. Conclusion: Our results proved that nanoparticles can serve as a novel and valuable tool for plant breeding. Keywords: breeding, Chrysanthemum × morifolium , genetic marker, nanobiotechnology, phenotype, physiology
DOI: 10.2147/nsa.s557241
Language: English
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
SDG: Zero hunger
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $2,320
OpenAlex ID: W4417025480