Year: 2025
Type: conference-paper
Abstract: Cognitive warfare uses selective framing, AI and ICT to manipulate cognition, exploit vulnerabilities, and influence beliefs and decisions. AI supports both offensive and defensive cognitive warfare, feeding into kinetic warfare through psychological tactics. Cognitive warfare is immersive and long-term, often unnoticed, even via trusted actors. As AI and ICT evolve, unpredictable uses will emerge, raising ethical, legal, and moral challenges that demand multidisciplinary research. Future warfare will involve complex trade-offs, while democracies must prevent adversaries from weaponizing these tools—by using them strategically themselves.
Author: Niina Meriläinen
Institution: Tampere University
Language: English
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Open Access status: diamond
OpenAlex ID: W4417025766
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