Work

Effects of Progressive Elastic Resistance on Kinetic Chain Exercises Performed on Different Bases of Support in Healthy Adults: A Statistical Parametric Mapping Approach

Year: 2025

Type: article

Abstract: Background: Shoulder exercises using elastic resistance integrated within the kinetic chain appear to modify scapular control strategies; however, a deeper understanding of these mechanisms is still needed. Objectives: We aim to compare three-dimensional scapular kinematics during two exercises performed on different bases of support, under both non-resisted and resisted conditions in asymptomatic adults. Methods: This cross-sectional study analyzed three-dimensional shoulder kinematics in 36 healthy adult male participants during the overhead squat and kneeling position exercises. Movement patterns were evaluated by phase using statistical parametric mapping. Results: Scapular internal/external rotation demonstrated a main effect for exercise type (p = 0.04), a main effect for resistance conditions (p < 0.00), and a significant exercise–resistance interaction (p = 0.04) during arm elevation. During the lowering phase, a main effect was observed for exercise types (p = 0.04) and exercise conditions (p < 0.00). Scapular upward rotation showed a main effect for exercise type (p = 0.02) and resistance conditions (p = 0.04) during arm elevation. During the lowering phase, a significant main effect was observed for exercise type (p = 0.01) and exercise conditions (p < 0.00). Scapular posterior tilt presented a main effect for exercise type (p < 0.00), a main effect for exercise condition (p = 0.01), and an exercise–resistance interaction (p = 0.04) during arm elevation. During the lowering phase, a main effect for exercise type (p < 0.00), a main effect for exercise condition (p = 0.02), and an exercise–resistance interaction (p = 0.00). Conclusions: The resistance and exercises demonstrated different kinematic strategies that helped maintain scapular stability during movement.

Source: Biomechanics

DOI: 10.3390/biomechanics5040103

Authors: Fagner Luiz Pacheco Salles, Augusto Gil Pascoal

Institutions: University of Lisbon, Centro Interdisciplinar de Estudo da Performance Humana, Escola Superior de Saúde do Alcoitão

Language: English

Topic: Shoulder Injury and Treatment

Subfield: Surgery

Field: Medicine

Domain: Health Sciences

SDG: Good health and well-being

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $1,207