Work

Heat capacity and the violation of scaling laws in gravitational system

Year: 2025

Type: article

Abstract: In this paper, we examine the scaling laws in gravitational system from the perspective of free energy landscape and the scaling hypothesis. It has been found that for some special black holes, their critical exponents (0,1,2,3) are beyond mean field theory, and more surprisingly violate the scaling laws. We find that the main reason for the violation of the scaling laws is that the heat capacity at constant volume C V is 0, so the critical exponent α is often treated as 0, which can not be derived from the scaling hypothesis while another three critical exponents can. We also find that there is a symmetry violation for the two coexistence states ω l and ω s .

Source: Physics Letters B

DOI: 10.1016/j.physletb.2025.140083

Author: Shi-Bei Kong

Institution: East China University of Technology

Language: English

Topic: Black Holes and Theoretical Physics

Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics

Field: Physics and Astronomy

Domain: Physical Sciences

Open Access status: diamond

Funders: National Natural Science Foundation of China, East China Institute of Technology

Awards: G2704419037, G7033597116