Work

Spatial-temporal variation characteristics of ecosystem service bundles in the Wei river basin based on the SOFM model

Year: 2025

Type: article

Abstract: This research focuses on the Weihe River Basin (WRB) as the study area and quantified five key ESs (Habitat Quality-HQ, Water Yield-WY, Carbon Sequestration-CA, Soil Conservation-SD, Food Provision -FP) from 2000 to 2020 using multisource remote sensing and the InVEST model. Spearman correlation and Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) analyzed ES trade-offs/synergies, while a Self-Organizing Feature Map (SOFM) neural network identified spatial bundles. The results are presented as follows: (1) The ESs in the WRB exhibited significant spatiotemporal heterogeneity. Between 2000 and 2020, the total amounts of HQ, WY, SD, and FP increased by 5.34 %, 45.03 %, 9.20 %, and 32.08 %, respectively, while CA decreased by 0.38 %, primarily due to the decline in vegetation carbon sequestration resulting from land use changes. (2) HQ and CA exhibited significant synergistic relationships at both basin and spatial scales ( P < 0.01), with other pairs showing pronounced spatial heterogeneity. (3) Four ecosystem service bundles were identified via the SOFM model: Ecological protection bundle (A), dominated by WY, was distributed in forest ecosystems such as the Qinling Mountains, Liupan Mountains, and Ziwuling Forest, accounting for 27.04 % of the total area. The food supply bundle (B), which is located primarily in the agricultural region of the Loess Plateau, covered the largest area (82,564.74 km 2 , 61.24 %). Ecological fragile bundle (C); and Urban Development bundle (D) (smallest at 829.58 km 2 , Guanzhong Plain), defined by trade-offs among HQ, CA, and SD. These findings provide a foundation for optimizing regional ecological zoning and promoting sustainable development. • Vital for optimizing regional ecological zoning and advancing green sustainable development. • Using Spearman and GWR for trade-off and synergy analysis. • Using SOFM and RDA to characterize ecosystem service bundles. • Identify 4 ecosystem service bundles among 5 ecosystem services in the WRB.

Source: Environmental and Sustainability Indicators

DOI: 10.1016/j.indic.2025.101080

Authors: Jiankun Chen, Dongmei Zhou, Yajuan Gao, Jun Zhang, Jing Jiang

Institution: Gansu Agricultural University

Language: English

Topic: Land Use and Ecosystem Services

Subfield: Global and Planetary Change

Field: Environmental Science

Domain: Physical Sciences

SDGs: Life on land, Climate action

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $2,350