Work

The global diet quality score in children and adolescents and incidence of metabolic syndrome in later years of life: Tehran lipid and glucose study

Year: 2025

Type: article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: To evaluate the association between the global diet quality score (GDQS) in children and adolescents and the incidence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its risk factors in youth. METHODS: In this secondary analysis, 1144 children and adolescents aged 6-19 years were selected from participants of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study and followed. Dietary data were gathered by a valid and reliable semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Diet quality was computed using the GDQS. MetS was defined according to Cook 's criteria for participants aged < 19 years and the Iranian-modified National Cholesterol Education Program was used to define MetS for participants aged ≥ 19 years at baseline and follow-up years. RESULTS: The mean ± SD ages of 528 boys and 616 girls were 13.0 ± 3.76 and 14.0 ± 3.77, respectively. The incident cases of MetS included 108 and 51 person/years for males and females, respectively, with a median follow-up of 9.74 years. The MetS incidence was contrarily associated with quartiles of GDQS [HR: 1, 0.92 (0.77-1.09), 0.90(0.75-1.08), 0.77(0.63-0.95), P trend = 0.02]. There were inverse associations between GDQS and abdominal obesity [HR: 1, 0.86(0.70-1.04), 0.82(0.67-1.01), 0.75(0.60-0.94) P trend = 0.01], low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HR: 1, 0.85(0.70-1.02), 0.82(0.67-0.99), 0.74(0.60-0.92) P trend = 0.009], high blood pressure [HR: 1, 0.97(0.82-1.15), 0.99(0.82-1.18), 0.78(0.64-0.95) P trend = 0.02] incidence in the adjusted model. Individuals in the fourth quartile of GDQS have about 35% lower risk of high fasting blood glucose and high triglyceride incidence, compared to the first quartile. CONCLUSION: Higher compliance with the GDQS in children and adolescents was associated with a reduced risk of MetS and its risk factors incidence in later years of life.

Source: Nutrition & Metabolism

DOI: 10.1186/s12986-025-01029-5

Authors: Firoozeh Hosseini-Esfahani, Glareh Koochakpoor, Mitra Hasheminia, Maryam Rafiei, Parvin Mirmiran, Fereidoun Azizi

Institutions: Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences

Language: English

Topic: Nutritional Studies and Diet

Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health

Field: Medicine

Domain: Health Sciences

SDG: Good health and well-being

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $3,590