Vegetation Changes and Its Driving Factors in the Three-River Headwaters Region from 1990 to 2022
Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: Changes in vegetation coverage reflect the status and dynamic processes of ecosystems and serve as a crucial foundation for regional ecological protection. Using Landsat-5 and Sentinel-2 data, this study calculated the vegetation coverage in the Three-River Headwaters (TRH) region from 1990 to 2022 with the pixel dichotomy model, identified land cover changes over the past three decades via a deep neural network, and analyzed the primary influencing factors behind vegetation coverage dynamics. The results indicate that vegetation coverage in TRH has generally increased, as very high vegetation coverage expanded by 10.3%, while very low and low vegetation coverage decreased by 4.2%. Extensive bare land in the western region decreased and transformed into grassland, while the areas of shrubland and forest in the central and eastern TRH areas increased. The areas of grassland, shrubland, and forest increased by 3.7 × 104 km2, 2.1 × 104 km2, and 4.7 × 103 km2, respectively. Precipitation, elevation, and temperature are the main factors influencing the spatial variation in vegetation coverage. We found that the contributions of the permafrost active layer thickness and precipitation to changes in vegetation coverage are high. Finally, we provide a detailed and timely analysis of recent vegetation distribution and type changes on the Tibetan Plateau, offering a strengthened scientific foundation for monitoring, assessment, and ecological conservation efforts aimed at supporting ecosystem restoration in the region.
Source: Remote Sensing
DOI: 10.3390/rs17243947
Authors: Chen Wang, Junbang Wang, Zhiwen Dong, Shaoqiang Wang, Xiaoyu Jiao
Language: English
Subfield: Ecology
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
SDGs: Life on land, Climate action
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $3,258
Awards: G2143316243, G7468764843, G8818499999
OpenAlex ID: W4417106971