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A Case Report of Anti-GAD65 Antibody-Positive Autoimmune Encephalitis Associated with Diabetes

Year: 2026

Type: article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Patients with GAD65 antibody-associated autoimmune encephalitis who also have diabetes are usually considered to have type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). However, previous reports often lacked β-cell function assessments, relying solely on anti-GAD65 positivity for diagnosis, which is insufficient for accurate classification. CASE PRESENTATION: We present a 30-year-old Chinese woman diagnosed with GAD65-associated autoimmune encephalitis, hyperthyroidism, and diabetes. Her peak C-peptide level was 3.99 ng/mL, inconsistent with the β-cell dysfunction typical of classic T1DM. The combination of high GAD65 antibody titers and preserved β-cell function made it challenging to determine her diabetes type. CONCLUSION: This case suggests that clinicians should pay more attention to assessing and monitoring β-cell function when GAD65-associated autoimmune encephalitis is accompanied by diabetes.

Source: Endocrine Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets

DOI: 10.2174/0118715303405229251028051625

Authors: Xiuping Xuan, Liheng Meng, Lulu Chen, Xuemei Xie, Xinghuan Liang, Yingfen Qin

Institutions: Guangxi Medical University, First Affiliated Hospital of GuangXi Medical University

Language: English

Topic: Autoimmune Neurological Disorders and Treatments

Subfield: Neurology

Field: Medicine

Domain: Health Sciences

SDG: Good health and well-being

Open Access status: green

Funder: Guangxi Medical University