Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: E-governance depends on the secure exchange of digital documents, with PDFs widely used for official communication. However, threats such as shadow attacks and policy tampering undermine integrity and trust. This paper proposes a blockchain-based framework that secures PDF workflows by recording complete document hashes and metadata on an immutable ledger. By integrating Policy-based Governance infrastructure, the system strengthens digital signature verification and resists tampering, even under Man-in-the-Middle (MITM) conditions. Evaluation on 1,000 official PDFs shows that the proposed framework achieves 93.1% detection of shadow attacks with 98.4% precision and only 1.6% false positives, compared to traditional PKI methods that failed to detect any tampering. The approach maintains efficiency, scalability, and cost-effectiveness, providing a resilient foundation for secure, transparent, and trustworthy e-governance services.
Source: Frontiers in Blockchain
Authors: Priyanka Mishra, R. Ganesan
Institution: Vellore Institute of Technology University
Language: English
Subfield: Information Systems
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $1,418
OpenAlex ID: W4417181788