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Global, regional, and national burden of ischemic heart disease attributable to environmental risk factors from 1990 to 2021: a systematic analysis based on the 2021 global burden of disease study

Year: 2025

Type: article

Abstract: Background: Ischemic heart disease (IHD) attributable to environmental factors is a global public health challenge. This study assesses the global burden of IHD due to environmental factors from 1990 to 2021 using Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 data and projects trends to 2051. Methods: Data on the mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) rates of IHD attributable to environmental factors were extracted from GBD 2021. The age-period-cohort (APC) model was employed to assess the independent effects of age, period, and cohort on the burden of IHD related to environmental factors. Additionally, the Bayesian age-period-cohort (BAPC) model was utilized to project future trends in the disease burden of IHD through 2051. Results: In 2021, age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) and age-standardized DALYs rate (ASDR) for IHD due to environmental factors were 39.70 (95% UI: 30.74, 47.81) and 827.52 (95% UI: 648.13, 987.15) per 100,000 population, respectively. Socio-demographic Index (SDI) was negatively correlated with ASMR and ASDR. APC analysis showed declining trends, while BAPC predicts ASMR and ASDR will decline by 53.67 (95% UI: 11.48, 95.86) and 986.76 (95% UI: 291.27, 1682.25) per 100,000 population by 2051. Conclusion: The number of mortality and DALYs associated with IHD due to environmental factors has exhibited an increasing trend globally. However, projections suggest a general decline in the ASMR and ASDR of IHD burden attributable to environmental factors by 2050. Ambient particulate matter and household air pollution are the predominant contributors to the global IHD burden.

Source: Frontiers in Public Health

DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1630811

Authors: Hongtao Huang, Qingpiao Sun, Wenqing Lv, Hanjun Zhao, Yu Huang

Institutions: Shanghai Pudong New Area Gongli Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shuguang Hospital

Language: English

Topic: Cardiovascular Health and Risk Factors

Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine

Field: Medicine

Domain: Health Sciences

SDGs: Good health and well-being, Climate action

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $3,801