Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the ENRICh scale for Chinese infertile patients: a methodological and cross-sectional study
Year: 2025
Type: article
Study design: Observational Study
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The use of Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) for infertility treatment imposes a substantial financial strain on patients. However, there is a scarcity of research specifically addressing financial toxicity related to ART. This study adapted and validated the Chinese version of the Economic Strain and Resilience in Cancer (ENRICh) scale to assess financial toxicity among infertile couples undergoing ART in China. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 570 infertile patients from five hospitals in China. Its psychometric properties were assessed using exploratory factor analyses, confirmatory factor analyses, internal consistency reliability, test-retest reliability, and convergent/discriminant validity. RESULTS: The scale demonstrated strong psychometric properties, including excellent internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.90; McDonald’s Ω = 0.94) and a good factor structure (Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin = 0.89). The results identified two distinct factors: “financially affected” and “financially coping”. It showed good convergent validity with the COST and medical expenses. CONCLUSION: ENRICh promising psychometric properties provide valuable insights for policymakers to address the treatment affordability challenges that may be exacerbated by China’s pronatalist policies.
Source: BMC Public Health
Authors: Mingzhu Su, Hongbin Cong, Hongwei Nie, Chaofan Li, Yujia Feng, Cai Xu
Language: English
Subfield: Reproductive Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $3,290
Funders: Suzhou Gusu Medical Youth Talent, Kornerup Fonden, United States Agency for International Development, Dagmar Marshalls Fond, Kræftens Bekæmpelse, Rune och Ulla Amlövs Stiftelse för Neurologisk och Reumatologisk Forskning, University of Texas at Austin, University of Bern, Wellcome Trust, Seattle Genetics, Petrus och Augusta Hedlunds Stiftelse, Key Laboratory in Science and Technology Development Project of Suzhou, Jiangsu Commission of Health, Agence Régionale de Santé Martinique, Multiple Sclerosis Society, European Commission, National Research Foundation, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Grantová Agentura České Republiky, ZonMw, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Austrian Science Fund, Bundesministerium für Gesundheit, National Research Foundation of Korea, IngaBritt och Arne Lundbergs Forskningsstiftelse, Jane ja Aatos Erkon Säätiö, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Vetenskapsrådet, Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province, José Carreras Leukämie-Stiftung, Russian Science Foundation, Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province, Agence Française de Sécurité Sanitaire de l'Environnement et du Travail, Svenska Läkaresällskapet, University of Tabriz, Reumatikerförbundet, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Emil och Wera Cornells Stiftelse, Else og Mogens Wedell Wedellsborgs Fond, Fabrikant Einar Willumsens Mindelegat, Grosserer M. Brogaard og Hustrus Mindefond, Korea Institute of Marine Science and Technology promotion, Scheme for Promotion of Academic and Research Collaboration, Tiina ja Antti Herlinin säätiö, Health Commission of Sichuan Province, National Institutes of Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada, Health Technology Assessment Programme, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, National Key Research and Development Program of China, Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, Humanities and Social Science Fund of Ministry of Education of China, Division of Research Capacity Development, Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province, National Institute on Aging, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Ramsay Hospital Research Foundation, Degrees Initiative
OpenAlex ID: W4417183561