Work

Ophthalmic Manifestations Heralding Renal Pathology: A Rare Case of Bilateral Optic Disc Edema with Exudative Maculopathy in IgA Nephropathy

Year: 2025

Type: article

Abstract: Introduction: IgA nephropathy (IgAN) (Berger's disease) is a primary glomerulonephritis characterized by mesangial deposition of IgA immune complexes. While it commonly presents with microscopic or gross hematuria, ocular findings as the initial manifestation are rare. Malignant hypertension, a severe complication of renal parenchymal disease, can lead to vision-threatening ocular changes such as optic disc edema, macular edema, and hypertensive choroidopathy. Early ophthalmic recognition can therefore play a pivotal role in uncovering the underlying systemic disorder. Case Presentation: A 19-year-old female presented with diminution of vision in both eyes, along with swelling and subconjunctival hemorrhage of the right eye for a period of 2 months. Ophthalmic examination revealed bilateral optic disc edema, macular edema, multiple dot-blot and flame-shaped hemorrhages, widespread soft exudates, and a temporal choroidal detachment in the right eye, suggestive of hypertensive retinopathy and choroidopathy. Systemic evaluation revealed severe hypertension (200/130 mm Hg) and laboratory findings of proteinuria, microscopic hematuria, and elevated serum creatinine. Renal biopsy confirmed IgAN with mesangial IgA deposition. The patient was started on antihypertensive and immunosuppressive therapy. On follow-up, the right eye developed a macular star pattern with visual improvement. Conclusion: This case highlights a rare primary presentation of IgAN manifesting initially with ocular findings secondary to malignant hypertension. Fundus examination served as a critical diagnostic clue, leading to early identification of renal disease. Prompt multidisciplinary management is essential to prevent irreversible visual loss and systemic complications.

Source: Case Reports in Ophthalmology

DOI: 10.1159/000549675

Authors: Deepaswi Bhavsar, Kalibo Jakhalu, Aishwarya M. Angadi, Iqra Mushtaq, Nilesh Balaji Giri, Medha Mandhyani

Institutions: Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune

Language: English

Topic: Renal Diseases and Glomerulopathies

Subfield: Nephrology

Field: Medicine

Domain: Health Sciences

SDG: Good health and well-being

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $1,030