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Optical pumping simulations and optical Rabi frequency measurements in Eu 151 3 + : Y 2 SiO 5 under magnetic field

Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: Europium-doped crystal ${\mathrm{Y}}_{2}{\mathrm{SiO}}_{5}$ is an interesting platform for optical quantum memories, due to its long optical and spin coherence times. In this work, we investigate ${^{151}\mathrm{Eu}}^{3+}:{\mathrm{Y}}_{2}{\mathrm{SiO}}_{5}$ under the application of magnetic field, a complex system with 36 different optical-hyperfine transitions. We present a simple numerical simulator for calculating the effect of optical pumping schemes that allow the isolation of a single-frequency class of ions, applicable to any multilevel atom with inhomogeneous broadening. Experimentally, we develop methodologies for estimating the magnetic field vector, demonstrating high precision in predicting spectral features based on the known spin Hamiltonians. We measured the optical Rabi frequency of 21 transitions among the 36 possible optical-hyperfine transitions, allowing for the construction of a $6\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}6$ branching ratio matrix of relative transition strengths. From the Rabi frequency measurements, we derive the optical dipole moment for the $^{7}F_{0}\ensuremath{\leftrightarrow}^{5}D_{0}$ transition, yielding a value of $(6.94\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.09)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}33}\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}\mathrm{C}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{m}$. Our results provide a critical test of the spin Hamiltonian models, demonstrating high precision in predicting energy levels and relative transition strengths, which are key abilities for quantum applications with ${^{151}\mathrm{Eu}}^{3+}:{\mathrm{Y}}_{2}{\mathrm{SiO}}_{5}$ under magnetic field.
DOI: 10.1103/vwjk-x1ny
Authors: Jingjing Chen, Mikael Afzelius
Language: English
Open Access status: green
OpenAlex ID: W4417267540
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Cites: 41
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