Recent advances and emerging insights in obstructive sleep apnea: implications for diagnosis and cardiovascular risk assessment
Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a sleep-breathing disorder with repetitive total or partial airway occlusion events. Its importance lies in the high prevalence and presence in all age groups and on cardiovascular (CV), metabolism, neurocognitive function, mental health, and overall quality of life. Furthermore, the coexistence of multiple comorbidities in patients suffering from OSA plays an essential role in these entities' development, perpetuation, and clinical control. In the past years, efforts have been made to understand the pathophysiology of each event, the spectrum of the disease, and the different phenotypes, as well as to refine the diagnostic process and, thus, direct treatment toward a more comprehensive and personalized approach. Many uncertainties remain regarding which patients are at higher CV risk and who derive the greatest benefit from treatment. In this promising scenario, new tools have been developed, including advanced diagnostic technologies, molecular biomarkers, and predictive statistic models tailored for precision medicine. However, to effectively understand and manage this heterogeneous and complex pathology, well-designed studies are essential to validate precision medicine models and ensure their efficient integration into routine clinical practice in a simple, accessible, and practical manner. In this article, we present a comprehensive review of the most relevant scientific evidence concerning the diagnosis and treatment of OSA. We examine significant cluster studies available to date and aim to provide the reader with personalized recommendations for diagnosing and treating OSA. Additionally, we propose new pathways for advancing precision medicine in the field of sleep-disordered breathing.
Institutions: Universidad de Alcalá, Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Bellvitge, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Hospital Universitario de Guadalajara
Language: English
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $2,650
Awards: Descubriendo la Base Molecular de Nuevas Biométricas y su Impacto en las Consecuencias Cardiovasculares: Medicina de PRECIsión en la Apnea Obstructiva del Sueño - El Estudio PRECIOSA, G491669985, Caracterización de los mecanismos del daño vascular inducido por la apnea del sueño en la hipertensión nocturna y posibles dianas terapéuticas. Estudio HYPERSLEEP., G8408297829
OpenAlex ID: W4417312420