Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: IC 10 is a dwarf galaxy in Cassiopeia, located at a distance of 660 kpc, and hosts a young stellar population, a large number of Wolf-Rayet stars, and a large number of massive stars in general. Utilizing a series of 11 Chandra observations (spanning 2003-2021, and total exposure of 235.1 ks), 375 point sources of X-ray emission are detected. Similar studies have been conducted earlier in the central region of IC 10. Here, we consider all regions covered by Chandra-ACIS. By comparing our list of X-ray sources with a published optical catalog, we discovered that 146 sources have optical counterparts. We also determined a list of blue supergiant (SG) stars with XRB companions by using an optical colormagnitude selection criterion to isolate the blue SGs. Blue SG-XRBs form a major class of progenitors of double-degenerate binaries. Hence, their numbers are an important factor in modeling the rate of gravitational-wave sources. Identifying the nature of individual sources is necessary as it paves the way toward a comprehensive census of XRBs in IC 10, enabling thus meaningful comparisons with other Local-Group galaxies exhibiting starbursts, such as the Magellanic Clouds.
Source: Astronomy
Language: English
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $1,207
Awards: WE PROPOSE TO EXPAND THE SCOPE OF OUR SUCCESSFUL PROJECT PROVIDING A MULTI-SATELLITE LIBRARY OF X-RAY PULSAR OBSERVATIONS TO THE COMMUNITY. THE LIBRARY PROVIDES HIGH-LEVEL PRODUCTS ACTIVITY MONITORING PULSE-PROFILES PHASED EVENT FILES SPECTRA AND A UNIQUE PULSE-PROFILE MODELING INTERFACE.THE LIBRARY'S SCIENTIFIC FOOTPRINT WILL EXPAND IN 4 KEY DIRECTIONS: (1) UPDATE BY PROCESSING ALL NEW XMM-NEWTON AND CHANDRA OBSERVATIONS (2015-2017) OF X-RAY BINARY PULSARS IN THE MAGELLANIC CLOUDS. (2) EXPAND BY INCLUDING ALL ARCHIVAL SUZAKU SWIFT AND NUSTAR OBSERVATIONS AND INCLUDING GALACTIC PULSARS. (3) IMPROVE BY OFFERING INNOVATIVE DATA PRODUCTS THAT PROVIDE DEEPER INSIGHT. (4) ADVANCE BY IMPLEMENTING A NEW GENERATION OF PHYSICALLY MOTIVATED EMISSION AND PULSE-PROFILE MODELS. THE LIBRARY CURRENTLY INCLUDES SOME 2000 INDIVIDUAL RXTE-PCA 200 CHANDRA ACIS-I AND 120 XMM-PN OBSERVATIONS OF THE SMC SPANNING 15 YEARS CREATING AN UNRIVALED RECORD OF PULSAR TEMPORAL BEHAVIOR. IN PHASE-2 ADDITIONAL OBSERVATIONS OF SMC PULSARS WILL BE ADDED: 221 CHANDRA (ACISS AND ACIS-I) 22 XMM-PN 142 XMM-MOS 92 SUZAKU 25 NUSTAR AND>10 000 SWIFT; LEVERAGING OUR PIPELINE AND ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES ALREADY DEVELOPED. WITH THE ADDITION OF 7 GALACTIC PULSARS EACH HAVING MANY HUNDRED MULTI-SATELLITE OBSERVATIONS THESE DATASETS COVER THE ENTIRE RANGE OF VARIABILITY TIMESCALES AND ACCRETION REGIMES. WE WILL MODEL THE PULSE-PROFILES USING STATE OF THE ART TECHNIQUES TO PARAMETERIZE THEIR MORPHOLOGY AND OBTAIN THE DISTRIBUTION OF OFFSETS BETWEEN MAGNETIC AND SPIN AXES AND CREATE SAMPLES OF PROFILES UNDER SPECIFIC ACCRETION MODES (WHETHER PENCIL-BEAM OR FAN-BEAM DOMINATED). THESE PRODUCTS ARE NEEDED FOR THE NEXT GENERATION OF ADVANCES IN NEUTRON STAR THEORY AND MODELING. THE LONG-DURATION OF THE DATASET AND ``WHOLE-GALAXY" NATURE OF THE SMC SAMPLE MAKE POSSIBLE A NEW STATISTICAL APPROACH TO UNCOVER THE DUTY-CYCLE DISTRIBUTION AND HENCE POPULATION DEMOGRAPHICS OF TRANSIENT HIGH MASS X-RAY BINARY (HMXB) POPULATIONS. OUR UNIQUE LIBRARY IS ALREADY FUELING PROGRESS ON FUNDAMENTAL NS PARAMETERS AND ACCRETION PHYSICS., Massive Black-hole X-ray binaries: Accretion-wind interaction and evolutionary context, WE PROPOSE TO ANALYZE THE LARGE ARCHIVE OF RXTE XMM-NEWTON AND CHANDRA OBSERVATIONS OF X-RAY BINARY PULSARS IN THE MAGELLANIC CLOUDS AND MILKY WAY. THERE ARE SOME 2000 INDIVIDUAL RXTE PCA POINTINGS ON THE SMC SPANNING 15 YEARS AND A SMALLER NUMBER ON THE LMC. EACH PCA OBSERVATION COVERS A LARGE FRACTION OF THE WHOLE SMC (OR LMC) POPULATION AND WE ARE ABLE TO DECONVOLVE THE SOMETIMES SIMULTANEOUS SIGNALS TO CREATE AN UNRIVALED RECORD OF PULSARTEMPORAL BEHAVIOR. MORE THAN 200 XMM-NEWTON AND CHANDRA OBSERVATIONS OF THE SMC/LMC AND INDIVIDUAL GALACTIC PULSARS PROVIDE INFORMATION AT LOWER LUMINOSITY LEVELS. TOGETHER THESE DATASETS COVER THE ENTIRE RANGE OF VARIABILITY TIMESCALES AND ACCRETION REGIMES IN HIGH MASS X-RAY BINARIES. WE WILL PRODUCE A COMPREHENSIVE LIBRARY OF ENERGY- RESOLVED PULSE PROFILES COVERING THE ENTIRE LUMINOSITY AND SPIN-PERIOD PARAMETER SPACE AND MAKE THIS AVAILABLE TO THE COMMUNITY. WE WILL THEN MODEL THESE PULSE PROFILES USING STATE OF THE ART TECHNIQUES TO PARAMETERIZE THE MORPHOLOGY AND PUBLISH THE RESULTING DATA-CUBE. THIS RESULT WILL INCLUDE FOR EXAMPLE THE DISTRIBUTION OF OFFSETS BETWEEN MAGNETIC AND SPIN AXES. THESE PRODUCTS ARE NEEDED FOR THE NEXT GENERATION OF ADVANCES IN NEUTRON STAR THEORY AND MODELING. THE UNIQUE DATASET WILL ALSO ENABLE US TO DETERMINE THE UPPER AND LOWER LIMITS OF ACCRETION POWERED LUMINOSITY IN A LARGE STATISTICALLY COMPLETE SAMPLE OF NEUTRON STARS AND HENCE MAKE SEVERAL DIRECT TESTS OF FUNDAMENTAL NS PARAMETERS AND ACCRETION PHYSICS. IN ADDITION THE LONG-DURATION OF THE DATASET AND WHOLE-GALAXY NATURE OF THE SMC SAMPLE MAKE POSSIBLE A NEWSTATISTICAL APPROACH TO UNCOVER THE DUTY-CYCLE DISTRIBUTION AND HENCE POPULATION DEMOGRAPHICS OF TRANSIENT HIGH MASS X-RAY BINARY (HMXB) POPULATIONS.
OpenAlex ID: W4417317594
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