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Therapeutic approaches to diabetic macular edema assessed using optical coherence tomography and optical coherence tomography angiography

Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: Overt and harmful diabetes mellitus (DM) has detrimental effects on individuals and, by extension, the community. Among the microvascular DM complications is diabetic retinopathy (DR). DR may cause irreversible vision deterioration in cases of poor blood glucose regulation. Changes in vascular permeability are key trigger points for diabetic macular edema (DME), a condition characterized by the accumulation of fluid in the macula. The development of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway inhibitors has provided a pathogenesis-based treatment approach for DME. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) provides high-resolution imaging of the anatomy, including the aging of DME and its structural damage, in distinct morphologic subtypes of macular edema, thereby supporting the assessment of macular edema treatment. The availability of repeated OCT monitoring provides clinical reassurance through the treatment. OCT angiography (OCTA) provides retinal blood flow maps with high spatial resolution. The ability promotes an understanding of disease pathogenesis and facilitates the implementation of new therapeutic methods. This review compares the potential of OCT and OCTA in the diagnosis and treatment of DME, as well as their respective therapeutic applications.
DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2026.01.20
Authors: Parisa Alsadat Dadkhah, Masoud Noroozi, Asma Rasouli, Zahra Sheikh, Saba Imanparvar, Saeed Zivari Lashkajani, Nahid Samadi, Javad Nadem, Behzadmehr Amirian, Goharsharieh Alishiri, Ata Akhtari Kohnehshahri, Arshia Shafiei, Amirreza Heydarlou, Reza Khademi, Anahita Rahmati, Niloofar Deravi
Institutions: Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, University of Isfahan, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Boston University, Boston Medical Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Language: English
Subfield: Ophthalmology
Field: Medicine
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $1,800
OpenAlex ID: W4417412122
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