Work

3D topological modeling and multi-agent movement simulation for viral infection risk analysis

Year: 2025

Type: article

Abstract: This paper introduces an integrated method that combines computer-aided modelling of indoor environments, multi-agent movement simulation and airborne viral transmission modelling to analyse how spatial design and occupant behaviour affect disease spread. Using TopologicPy, interior spaces are represented as connected networks that support navigation-graph generation and agent movement based on schedules, walking speeds and activities. Agents move incrementally along shortest paths, while the system calculates precise inter-agent distances and respects architectural constraints such as walls and doorways. Viral aerosol concentrations are modelled via a reaction-diffusion equation, and infection risk is estimated using an extended Wells–Riley model. By capturing detailed spatio-temporal and topological interactions, the framework offers realistic infection-risk assessments. The resulting tool serves as a rapid decision-support system for policymakers, facility managers and designers, enabling evaluation of mitigation strategies and informing future building design. A comparative study of cellular and open-plan offices demonstrates the method's capabilities.

Source: Architectural Science Review

DOI: 10.1080/00038628.2025.2603534

Authors: Wassim Jabi, Yidan Xue, Thomas E. Woolley, Katerina Kaouri

Institutions: Cardiff University, University of Manchester

Language: English

Topic: Infection Control and Ventilation

Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine

Field: Medicine

Domain: Health Sciences

SDGs: Good health and well-being, Sustainable cities and communities

Open Access status: hybrid

Funders: Cardiff University, Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council