The HALLMOUNT Score: Development of a Novel Multidimensional Prognostic Model for Solid Tumors, with Initial Clinical Application in Grade 4 Adult-Type Diffuse Gliomas
Year: 2025
Type: article
Study design: Observational Study
Abstract: Background and Objectives: Grade 4 adult-type diffuse gliomas remain the most aggressive primary central nervous system malignancies, with limited prognostic tools beyond molecular classification. This study introduces the HALLMOUNT score, a multidimensional prognostic index integrating hematologic, biochemical, and clinical parameters to capture the interplay between tumor biology and systemic host response. Materials and Methods: A total of 227 patients with histologically confirmed grade 4 adult-type diffuse glioma were retrospectively analyzed. The HALLMOUNT score incorporated nine pretreatment variables: hemoglobin, albumin, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), lymphocyte, monocyte, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status, uric acid, neutrophil, and thrombocyte counts. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses determined optimal cut-offs, and Cox regression models evaluated prognostic performance for overall (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Results: High HALLMOUNT scores (≥2.5) were significantly associated with older age, comorbidities, poor ECOG status, isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-wild phenotype, lower resection rates, and reduced treatment responses. ROC analysis showed predictive accuracy comparable to CAR and PIV (AUC = 0.650). High scores independently predicted inferior OS (HR = 2.78, p < 0.001) and PFS (HR = 2.76, p < 0.001). Conclusions: The HALLMOUNT score provides a simple, cost-effective, and biologically grounded biomarker reflecting both tumor aggressiveness and host vulnerability. It enables refined risk stratification, supports individualized therapeutic planning, and warrants prospective validation in molecularly defined and multicenter cohorts.
Source: Medicina
Language: English
Subfield: Genetics
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $2,654
OpenAlex ID: W4417433039