Work

Real-time adaptive hybrid energy management for hybrid-electric UAVs: Offline–online DP-ECMS collaborative strategy in low-altitude inspection

Year: 2025

Type: article

Abstract: This paper proposes an energy management strategy that integrates dynamic programming (DP) offline global optimization and equivalent consumption minimization strategy (ECMS) online dynamic optimization. First, based on a given route of the UAV, using the predicted flight data of the power system, the demanded power is input into the DP algorithm, and a multi-objective cost function considering the efficiency and loss is established to realize the global offline energy allocation strategy optimization and derive the reference value of the SOC of the lithium battery. Second, the ECMS uses the DP result as the initial reference to design the equivalent factor based on the reference SOC. Third, the ECMS collects flight information in real time and corrects the power output online when the actual demand power deviates from the predicted power; when the SOC of the lithium battery is close to the lower limit due to a strong sudden perturbation, the weight of lithium battery protection is increased through the optimization cost function. Finally, the hardware-in-the-loop simulation platform is constructed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. Compared with the traditional ECMS, this strategy reduces hydrogen consumption by 7.2% and improves overall system efficiency by 5.7%, thereby demonstrating its superiority in optimizing energy utilization and ensuring safe system operation.

Source: Franklin Open

DOI: 10.1016/j.fraope.2025.100473

Authors: Yong Zhang, Zheng Sun, Chenxiao Cai

Institution: Nanjing University of Science and Technology

Language: English

Topic: Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Technologies

Subfield: Automotive Engineering

Field: Engineering

Domain: Physical Sciences

SDGs: Affordable and clean energy, Industry, innovation and infrastructure

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $1,900