Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: We consider the problem of a cylindrical (quasi-two-dimensional) droplet impacting on a hard surface. Cylindrical droplet impact can be engineered in the laboratory, and a theoretical model of the system can also be used to shed light on various complex experiments involving the impact of liquid sheets. We formulate a rim-lamella model for the droplet-impact problem. Using Gronwall’s inequality applied to the model, we establish theoretical bounds for the maximum spreading radius $\mathcal{R}_{\textit{max}}$ in droplet impact, specifically $k_1 {\textit{Re}}^{1/3}-k_2(1-\cos \vartheta _a)^{1/2}({\textit{Re}}/{\textit{We}})^{1/2}\leq \mathcal{R}_{\textit{max}}/R_0\leq k_1{\textit{Re}}^{1/3}$ , valid for ${\textit{Re}}$ and ${\textit{We}}$ sufficiently large. Here, ${\textit{Re}}$ and ${\textit{We}}$ are the Reynolds and Weber number based on the droplet’s pre-impact velocity and radius $R_0$ , $\vartheta _a$ is the advancing contact angle (assumed constant in our simplified analysis) and $k_1$ and $k_2$ are constants. We perform several campaigns of simulations using the volume of fluid method to model the droplet impact, and we find that the simulation results fall within the theoretical bounds.
Source: Journal of Fluid Mechanics
Authors: Lennon Ó Náraigh, Nicola Young
Institution: University College Dublin
Language: English
Subfield: Computational Mechanics
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: hybrid
Estimated APC paid: $3,550
Funder: University College Dublin
OpenAlex ID: W4417438246