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The Relationship Between Menopausal Status and Depression in U.S. Women: Insights from the NHANES 2017–March 2020 Cross-Sectional Study

Year: 2025
Type: article
Study design: Observational Study
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study harnessed cross-sectional data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2017-March 2020 to examine the relationship between menopausal status and depression among U.S. women. METHODS: Data from NHANES 2017-March 2020 were used for this cross-sectional analysis. Robust statistical approaches, including univariate and multivariate logistic regression, were applied, and subgroup analyses were conducted to assess the stability of the findings. RESULTS: Women with premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) and early menopause showed a higher likelihood of depression compared with non-menopausal women (POI: odds ratio (OR) = 1.59, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 1.07-2.35; Early menopause: OR = 1.71, 95% CI = 1.06-2.76). Among these groups, women whose age at last delivery was under 35 years demonstrated an ever greater vulnerability to depression (POI: OR = 1.62, 95% CI = 1.07-2.43; Early menopause: OR = 1.83, 95% CI = 1.11-3.02). In postmenopausal women, moderate-intensity activity (≥150 minutes per week) was associated with increased odds of depressive symptoms (Overall moderate-to-vigorous physical activity: OR = 1.9, 95% CI = 1.08-3.34; moderate-to-vigorous recreational activity: OR = 2.17, 95% CI = 1.06-4.44). This association was not statistically significant among postmenopausal women engaging in insufficient moderate-intensity physical activity. CONCLUSION: These findings support a significant association between POI and early menopause and depression in U.S. women, particularly among those whose age at last delivery was below 35 years.
DOI: 10.62641/aep.v53i6.1998
Authors: Jiaojiao Pei, Jiao Chen, Ling Liu, Mao Li
Language: English
Field: Medicine
Open Access status: hybrid
OpenAlex ID: W4417449487
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